James lyall



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J. LYALL. WOVEN FABRIC FOR WHEEL TIRES. No. 504,883. Patented Sept.12,1893.

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J. LYALL. WOVEN FABRIC FOR WHEEL TIRES.

No. 504,883. Patented Sept. 12, .1893.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES LYALL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

WOVEN FABRIC FOR WHEEL-TIRES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 504,883, datedSeptember 12, 1893.

Original application filed December 27, 1892, Serial No. 456,327.Divided and this application filed July 11,1893. Serial No. 480,138. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES LYALL, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and State of New York, have invented an Improvementin Woven Fabrics for Wheel-Tires, of which the following is aspecification.

This application is a division of my application, Serial No. 456,327,filed December 27, 1892.

Wheels for bicycles and other vehicles have been made containing aninflatable tube, and in many instances there has been a rubber tireoutside of the inflatable tube, and in constructing the tires or elasticportions of such wheels, strips of canvas have been employed inconnection with the india rubber and either permanently attached theretoor forming coverings for the interior or inflatable tube, and suchcoverings of canvas or similar material have in many instances been ofwoven fabric cut on the bias with the edges folded over and inclosingribs of india rubber, wires or similar devices by which the covering orfabric has been permanently connected to the folly of the wheel.Difficulty has been experienced in making and applying these fabricsbecause the material out upon the bias was liable to stretch and not to'hold the parts reliably in position, and if an ordinary strip of fabricwas employed the same could not easilybe caused to assume the form ofthe circular tube, because one portion of such fabric had to be longerthan another portion.

In my present invention the fabric for the Wheel tire is woven withpockets for the reception of wires, ribs or other similar devices bywhich the fabric is permanently connected I with the felly of the wheel,and a flap is provided at one or both of the. edges of the fabric topass within such felly, and in weaving this fabric the middle portionsof the strip are woven longer than the edge portions, so that the fabricis capableof being easily applied in the form of a hollow tube aroundthe periphery of the wheel. Y L

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a cross section illustrating the tubularform that the strip of fabric assumes, showing also the pockets and theflapsof the same. Fig.2 is a;port ion of the fabric illustrating thelines of weavmgby which the increased length may be given to the middleportions of the strip. Fig. 3 is a to move the warp threads in such amannerthat the weft threads are laid in as hereinafter described, andthe. warp threads are mounted upon separate spools or short beams sothat the middle warps can be drawn off faster than the edge warps of thefabric, and

more tension is applied to the edge warps than to the center warps, sothat the warps" may all be under a similar strain when the stripsurrounds the wheel and in a form approximating a tube sectionally. Thewarp threads are exposed to difierent tensions or fed into the loom sothat the middle warps of the strip are under less tension than the warpsnear the edges. Hence the middle warps in the strip will be longer thanthe edge warps, and the intermediate warps have tensions lessening fromthe edge toward the mid dle. Any desired or known devices may be usedforvarying the tension on these warps, so that they will be taken up inweaving in the desired proportions for forming the strip so that it canbe coiled to correspond to the wheel and assume a tubular form or nearlyso sectionally. I have illustrated this in Fig. 3 by representingheavier friction weights (1 to the tension straps of the edge warps thanthe weights d used with the middle warps.

If desired the weft threads may be laid in as shown in Fig. 3 with theweft threads going from edge to edge of the strip.

In Fig. 2 I have shown the fabric in the curved form it would assume iffolded in the middle, in consequence of there being a greater number ofwefts in the middle portion, there being threads 2 which pass entirelyacross and other weft threads that only pass part of the way across andreturn, as shown at 3, and the weft threads are to be so roo disposedthat when the fabic has been woven' the middlepart of the fabricwill beof greater upon the diameter of-the pipe or inflatable tube around whichthe fabric-is to pass -in making up the wheel.

Pockets B O are made in the fabric and they are wovenby causing one shotof-the weft; thread :to pass belowthe pocket and the other; shotoftheweft thread topass above the; pocket, the warp threads beingmanipulated, to effect this object, and these pockets are to;

receive wires, rubber strips or other devices that are to be clamped bytheifelly andmovable portions of the wheel in constructing or applyingthe tire to such wheel; andI remark that the distances between thesepockets will vary according to the character of the inflatable orelastic tire of the wheel, andas wheels of .this character are wellvknown it is not nee-1 essary herein to describe the wheels with;

which myfabric may be used.

In cases where a flap i-s requiredat one edge ofthe fabric to passwithinthe felly of the;

wheel or to wrap around any of the rubberor other attaching devices, thehereinbefore described fabric isto be woven with the flap 1D projectingat one edge of such fabric beyond the woven pocket, or there may be aflap at both edges of thestrip of fabric, as illustrated by the dottedlines at D, Fig. 1,-and fulllines in Fig. 6.

The present invention, it will now be apparent, relates to the newfabric which when woven in.the manner aforesaid is very strong and itisnot liableto become displaced, to stretch or to assume a different forminuse, an'dthence it is not liable to become disconnected from theclamping parts of the wheel, and it is much better than the devicesheretofore made, because it has been woven to the shape desired and hasselvages or open pockets or flaps or both in the right places for theconnecting devices.

If the warps thatoccupy the central portions .of the strip are elastic,the increased length required in such warps will be obtained by thestretching of such warps when thestri p is employed in the tire and theincreased length will be obtained in an equivalent manner to that beforedescribed of applying less tension .to the central warps.

The flaps may receive eyelets, hooks or other attaching devices, andwhen desired heavier warp threads or cords 8 may be introduced andheldby the weft threads, such cords 8 runninglongitudinally andpreferably being at one or both edges, to give additional strengthto-the fabric and to receive or become part of the fastening devicesthat secure the fabric to the wheel. The warp threads may be omitted inany portions of the strips, as illustrated at 9, in Fig. 3, when sodesired. I have shown the warp threads omitted in the central portionsof the strip.

Itwill be observed that the fabric has nearly the same appearancethroughout and is not woven with a diiferent character of weaving atoneplace from another and hence such fabric is nearly uniformthroughout.

. My aforesaid application Serial No. 456,327 relates broadly to thewoven strip with the middle warp threads the longest so that the same isadapted to conform: to the tire when drawn around the same. Thepresentdivisi'on relates to the-additional featuressuch asthesecuringdevices,:&c.

- at or near the edges for. t-herecept-ionof wires, strips orsimi-lardevices employed in connecting the elastic tire to the wheel 'felly, thewarps in the middle of the strip being longer than those near theedges,-substa-ntial ly asset forth.

2. Asa newarticle of manufacture, a woven fabric in theiform of astripforwheel tires, the-same havinglongitudinal warp threa'dsto passaround thewheel, weft threads passing transversely ofrthewoven strip,pockets at or near the edges for the reception of wires, strips orsimilar devices employed in connecting the elastic tire to the wheelfellyyand flaps at one or both edges of: the strip andadjacent to thepockets, substantially as set forth.

3. .As a new article of manufacture,a fabric for-elastic wheel tireswoven in the form of a strip with longitudinal warp threads andtransverse weft threads, some of which transverse weft threads crossonly a part of the entire fabric and are doubled upon themselves inthe'middle portions of such fabric to increase the length of the centerof thefabric, so that such fabric is adapted tosurrounding ICC thetubular or elastic tire and'to the circular and longitudinal pocketswoven in such fabric near the edges of the same, substantially as setforth.

5. Asa new article of manufacture, a strip of canvas or duck for elasticwheel tires, woven with longitudinal warp threads that are longer nearthe middle of the strip than those near the edges, and weft threads, sothat the fabric is adapted to pass around a wheel and to surround thetubular or other tire, and heavier warps at or near the edge or edges ofthe strip held in place by the weft threads, substantially as set forth.

6. As a new article of manufacture, a strip JAMES LYALL.

Witnesses:

GEO. T. PINoKNEY, A. M. OLIVER.

